The problem is not education. By and large, people, even really ignorant people, know they are not supposed to smoke/drink/do hard drugs while pregnant. Sure, some prenatal care and education would be great, and would lead to healthier babies. But by and large the people who are doing these things are either too irresponsible or too addicted to whatever it is to stop. Its the same reason why passing a law wouldn't help . . . the sort of people who keep smoking, or drink heavily, or do hard drugs while pregnant are the same people who are in essence undeterrable . . . you can punish them, but you won't be able to use to fear of punishment to keep them from doing it in the first place. Punishing them may feel good . . . but it won't help anyone: not them, not the kid, not even society, because it won't deter others.
And the idea of pregnancy police, reporting women who do things they shouldn't during pregancy, is down right scary. . . so she was seen smoking. Maybe she only had one cigarette because she had a fight with her husband and couldn't fight the urge. Should she? No. Is it likely to harm the baby? No. Is it understandable? Sure. Moments of weakness happen. And there's actually debate about whether a drink or two a week, especially in the later stages of pregnancy, does any harm. I guess my point is . .when do you decide a woman is actually harming her unborn child. As Mike (my fiance) pointed out, what if she is eating tuna? Tuna has lots of good omega threes . . . and bad mercury.
Keep in mind, too, that some of these things are overblown. This is not to excuse people who smoke like chimneys, drink like fish, or use crack while pregnant, but remember the "crack babies?" Turns out, now that they are mostly grown, that statistically they are not significantly different from their peers who were not born addicted to crack. At the time, people viewed those babies mothers as the next thing to murderers . . . turns out, the kids are mostly ok. This is not to minimize their incredible irresponsibility, or the suffering those babies experienced in their first days of life . . . just to point out that what people may think is the "worst thing" at the time, or incredibly harmful, may turn out not to be as big of a deal as its made out to be . . . they did not grow up to be severely impaired or permanently addicted, or anything else in the parade of horrors we were told to expect.
Honestly, sometimes you just have to spread your hands, say "some people suck," and move on. We can't right all the wrongs in the world, and trying will only create more wrongs.