There are basically only two things that change behavior...good things and bad things. Dog works for good things. Dog works to avoid bad things. Both change behavior. Both "work." The trouble with bad things, when they're only a teensy bit bad, those kinds of things don't change behavior...don't tend to change it for the long haul if at all. If it's mild, it's nagging. If there's nothing to avoid, how could it change behavior? And there's nothing so good about it that the dog would work so he could get jabbed in the neck. So, to chage behavior, the bad thing has to be really quite bad. So, if a prong collar changes behavior, because of behavioral law, it has to be pretty darn unpleasant.
Now, take the good things. Dogs work for good things. Behavior changes when good things are added and the dog wants the good thing. This is not with "some" dogs or "some" skills. This is behavioral law. Any organism with a brain constantly, every second works to get good things and works to avoid bad things.
The desire to work for good things is actually stronger and more intense than the desire to work to avoid bad things. Right there you're one step ahead by utilizing this natural and intrinsic drive.
Why would it only work with some dogs? You mean some dogs don't have the instinct to eat, survive and perpetuate the species?
Bad things happen to dogs in the wild....dogs and wolves. Wolves risk their lives taking down a big buck. They may get impaled by an antler. But they take the risk because they have to eat. The desire to eat is stronger than the desire to avoid injury. Dogs get hurt getting jabbed with a stick or branch out in the woods and learn to be more careful to avoid them next time. They step on a sharp stone or investigate a bee's nest and get stung and perhaps learn what that buzzing sound means to stay clear the next time they hear bees in a hive.
We all know that bad things happen. This is often the argument pro-aversive people fall back on. "It's part of life," the "real" world. I, personally do not want to be the bees that sting my dog. I don't want to be the antler that pokes him or the sharp stick that gouges him. I don't want my dog to see me as the source of his pain. Heck! I don't even want him to be in pain, discomfort, fear, bewilderment...any of that nasty stuff. And dogs have an uncanny way of associating pain with their owners even when it's indirect sometimes, as with shock collars.
They are so tightly associated with us, so in line with us that the available trust that is at our disposal is a phenomenal training tool. For me, that is the numero uno training tool.
When I look at my dogs now compared to the past, I see dogs who are much more engaged with me and therefore better able to learn what I'm teaching them.
I have used a prong collar on Lyric when he was younger, before he was trained when I was forced to walk near a lot of other dogs on leashes. I didn't know about the no pull harness and I wasn't about to use one of those head halter things, especially on a Doberman. They have a propensity to cervical malformations and problems as it is. Plus I just don't like something around the muzzle as I feel it's too intrusive to the dog in that vulnerable area. That said, I used a prong until he was trained. It didn't do much but cause him a lot of dandruff from scratching up his skin...looked like snow. Dobermans are known to be especially stoic about pain. He put up with it in order to get his desire...to walk. He didn't get one or two "corrections" and learn anything. He kept trying forever, but I could manage to hang onto him if he thought about lunging toward another dog. I only used it when visiting in Seattle. He was fine in classes here with other dogs. Just the casual walks where there were tons of other dogs.
Why did it hold him back and a flat collar didn't? (He pulled me prone one time on a flat collar right into the dirt. Boy was I embarrassed.) It had to be a good thing or a bad thing remember. Reward or aversive? Which was it? Reward you say? Good thing? Did I hear right? LOL. Yes, Lyric loves his prong collar. He wishes I'd use it again. It reminds him of his mother biting his neck and that brings him many happy memories of Mom, brothers and sisters. Many fond memories. He loves it when I get out his flat leather collar too when we're about to go on a walk. He prances around and wags his tail, just like he did with his prong collar. He does the same thing if I get out the nylon collar! Or if I don't get any collar and put my tennis shoes and coat on, he dances around too! Can you believe it?
Just so you know, Lyric is a big Doberman, solid muscle and he still envisions himself being on a team in the Ididerod. He dreams about it at night. He was good when he was quite young, a real protege....he could have run circles around some of those Huskies. (no offence Husky people)
What worked best: I found out what he likes and needs. I asked him, "Do you want to live?" Good, then we aren't taking one step if I feel the slightest tension in this leash. Not one step. In fact, we are going back 20 ft and walking the same boring path all over again...no new smells, no new sights. Same old, same old. So, I held back the good stuff.....the forward motion. (yes, I took away the good thing) He may have been strong, but I was stronger. I could stop and stand still easily. If he took two steps that were reasonable, he got to eat, two more steps, more goodies. I practiced him in low distraction areas a lot and I reinforced FREQUENTLY. He didn't have that strong of a desire to walk anywhere in particular in my own yard. He developed neuro pathways in his brain that sent the message that it works better to walk right. Pretty soon, that was habit. (pretty much) Eh-hem....he still needs practice in high distraction areas like Seattle when I go visit. We don't practice enough lately. He's got a rather free spirit and sort of his own life style (lol, j/k) and is the King of off leash hiking.
So, I have used a prong collar but if I had to do it over again, I'd try one of those no pull harnesses, those special ones which are designed differently than a regular one which causes them to pull against. It may not be excruciating pain. But it teaches avoidance, something I try to leave out of my training repertoire if at all possible. I want my dog working toward something, momentum....not thinking about how to avoid something. That, I think slows him down. Oh well, that's my experience with the prong.