I agree with much of what you wrote about the rules and rigidity and the variations depending on lots of factors etc, etc, etc. However, the old studies were very detrimental to the way people think about domestic dogs. First, the two should not even be compared. But the behaviors which were observed and noted with those captive, unrelated wolves were behaviors which do not exist in the wild. And most certainly aren't applicable to domestic dogs according to a lot of recent studies and theories. I don't really want to get into the wolf thing because this is about domestic dogs and they are entirely different behavior -wise as well as physically and mentally....very different. And I do want to stay on topic. I probably shouldn't have mentioned David Mech along with the other scientists. My point was that these highly esteemed, highly educated, highly experienced people should not be poo poo'd. (if you know what I mean)