Biting And Positive Reinforcement

[Manchesters]

Two Things....

I think you meant subjunctive "case"? In Spanish I was very disheartened to learn that to use an irregular verb correctly you had to learn 72 different forms of the word. 36 for regular Case and 36 for Subjuntivo! When they said irregular, they were not kidding.

Also I seem to recall having been told that if I were ever given a transfusion of O type blood to make sure I told anyone who needed to know because my body would build up antibodies against it, and I would go into anaphylatic shock if I were ever given another such transfusion.

 

[stirder]

I have type O blood and they are always wanting me to donate because it is universal. they keep telling me (they go through the same explanation everytime) that anyone can be given type o, any amount of times. but I am not a doctor or a nurse, thats just what they constantly tell me.

 

[Doberluv]

I hardly ever say anything I don't mean. My major was music, but I am somewhat, mildly educated in a few other areas. Spelling isn't one of them, obviously. ROFL!

The Subjunctive Mood

A verb is in the subjunctive mood when it expresses a condition which is doubtful or not factual. It is most often found in a clause beginning with the word if. It is also found in clauses following a verb that expresses a doubt, a wish, regret, request, demand, or proposal.

These are verbs typically followed by clauses that take the subjunctive:

ask, demand, determine, insist, move, order, pray, prefer, recommend, regret, request, require, suggest, and wish.
In English there is no difference between the subjunctive and normal, or indicative, form of the verb except for the present tense third person singular and for the verb to be.

The subjunctive for the present tense third person singular drops the -s or -es so that it looks and sounds like the present tense for everything else.

The subjunctive mood of the verb to be is be in the present tense and were in the past tense, regardless of what the subject is.



Incorrect: If I was you, I would run.
Correct: If I were you, I would run.
(The verb follows if and expresses a non-factual condition.)

Incorrect: I wish he was able to type faster.

Correct: I wish he were able to type faster.
(The second verb is in a clause following a verb expressing a wish. It also suggests a non-factual or doubtful condition.)

Incorrect: His requirement is that everyone is computer literate.

Correct: His requirement is that everyone be computer literate.
(Subordinate clause follows main clause with a demand.)

Incorrect: He recommended that each driver reports his tips.

Correct: He recommended that each driver report his tips.

Sometimes we may use the conditional auxiliary verbs of could, should, or would to express the same sense.


Subjunctive:I wish he were kinder to me.
Conditional: I wish he would be kinder to me.

Note: In modern English, the subjunctive is only found in subordinate clauses.



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[Doberluv]

Thought this might be interesting.


the three main types of cells within blood are the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. white blood cells are the largest of the three types of cells and are responsible for fighting infections or germs. red blood cells carry oxygen to the cells of your body and return to the lungs to excrete out carbon dioxide. platelets are the smallest of the cells, and their job is to form clots [scabs] in the blood to help stop bleeding. the other major component of blood is the plasma. plasma is a sticky fluid that is 95% water. the other 5% is made up of nutrients, proteins and hormones.

[red blood cells] these cells make up approximately 40% of the total blood volume.

[platelets] these cells make up 5%-7% of the total blood volume. platelets form a mesh type net to stop bleeding.

[basophil] first of five distinct white blood cell types. these cells act on smooth muscle and blood cell walls.

[eosiniphil] second type of white blood cell. can act against infestations of parasitic larvae.

[lymphocyte] third type of white blood cell. lymphocytes recognize surface markers on cells and target them for destruction if they are foreign to the body.

[monocyte] fourth type of white blood cell. formed in the bone marrow, monocytes migrate into connective tissue and become macrophages.

[neutrophil] fifth type of white blood cell. first line of defense. 100 billion fresh, mature neutrophils are released into the body everyday from the bone marrow.

white blood cells have a rather short life cycle, living from a few days to a few weeks. a drop of blood can contain from 7000 to 25000 white blood cells. if an invading infection fights back and persists, that number will significantly increase.

what are the blood types and their percentages?

each person's blood contains a specific and inherited set of antigens, or proteins, on the surface of their red blood cells. paired with red cell antigens, your plasma contains a specific set of antibodies that will attack antigens attached to the surface of red blood cells of another blood type. consequently, successful blood transfusion requires the matching of blood to avoid giving blood cells to a person whose plasma contains antibodies to the antigens on the blood cells of the transfused blood. the following is a breakdown by abo and rh type:

o positive - 37.4% of population. 1 person in 3
a positive - 35.7% of population. 1 person in 3
b positive - 8.5% of population. 1 person in 12
o negative - 6.6% of population. 1 person in 15
a negative - 6.3% of population. 1 person in 16
ab positive - 3.4% of population. 1 person in 29
b negative - 1.5% of population. 1 person in 67
ab negative - 0.6% of population. 1 person in 167



what blood types can i receive?
your blood type can receive (your blood type on the left)
O- O+ B- B+ A- A+ AB- AB+
AB+ x x x x x x x x
AB- x x x x
A+ x x x x
A- x x
B+ x x x x
B- x x
O+ x x
O- x



>> why is o type blood so important?

of all blood types, type o is the most common. at the same time, it is a special blood type because there is always an uncommon need for it. currently, hospital patients need type o blood in at least 51% of transfusions. type o patients can only receive type o blood. in addition, there are special cases that add to the strain on the type o blood supply:
>> universal donors - o negative blood can be safely transfused to patients of all blood types. donors who are o negative are considered universal donors. o positive blood can be safely received by patients with any of the positive blood types.
>> premature babies - premature babies have an increasing chance of survival thanks to improvements in medical care and technology. a premature baby's life can depend on blood transfusions, but the usual crossmatching and blood typing procedures may not be possible. many hospitals transfuse only type o blood to these babies.
>> trauma patients - in some emergencies, the patient needs a transfusion immediately . there is no time to crossmatch blood. often, the patient receives type o blood until the emergency is over and the patient is stable.



what are the components of blood used to treat?

when you come to donate a unit of blood, that unit is not kept in its whole blood form. the unit is centrifuged at high speeds to separate the constituent components from each other. since red blood cells are the heaviest, they sink to the bottom of the bag. the platelet rich plasma and cryoprecipitate factors settle near the middle of the bag. each of these components are separated into different bags to accomplish these areas of treatment:

>> red blood cells used to increase red cell mass after surgery, to treat patients with anemia
>> fresh frozen plasma to treat clotting disorders, expand blood volume, to treat shock due to plasma loss in burns
>> platelets to treat bleeding due to platelet shortage or to treat platelet function abnormalities
>> cryoprecipitate to treat hemophilia a, von willebrand's disease, and other clotting factor deficiencies.
>> white blood cells to treat patients who cannot produce enough white cells, due to disease or cancer treatment.
>> immune globulin given to help fight infectious diseases such as hepatitis
>> albumin to treat people in shock, and also used in plasma exchanges for seriously ill patients

please remember, your one unit of blood can save as many as four lives!



>> how much blood can a patient use?

it is difficult to put an exact figure on each type of procedure or illness, but listed below are general estimates for the top blood using events:
>> hip replacement surgery 3 to 4 units
>> leukemia treatment 6 to 8 units
>> stab wound/gunshot 6 to 12 units
>> heart surgery 6 to 12 units
>> gastro-intestinal bleeding 5 to 50 units
>> aortic/abdominal aneurysm 5 to 50 units
>> traumatic organ damage 10 to 100 units
>> liver transplant 30 to 150 units

 

[BigDog2191]

Geez, this thread sure took a turn...

 

[Adrienne]

Now, this is just in play....ping pong style.....

Exsanguinate= Verb

Exsangination= Noun

Exsanguine= Adjective

Now, think about that for just a couple seconds.

NOW.....would YOU write "To the point of exsanguinate"? In the medical profession (of which I was a member) exsanguination means bleeding out. Loosing blood to the point of death. Or, having LOST blood to the point of nearly dead.

Agreed? Hope you are having a super day, by the way. Did you read what I posted about the Manchester being the black and tan terrier, and that they now state it is likely as old as the British Isles themselves....not just dating back to 1570?? For the most part, I research the heck out of things I am interested in. And generally I do know what I am saying. I think you need to read a bit more carefully before you try to make me look like a knucklehead. I hate because I feel compelled to correct you, but I don't like it seeming that I am just trying to put you down. I am not. Just trying to 'splain stuff!!

Sorry but my reply came straight out of Taber's Cyclopedic Medical dictionary, I just graduated as a medical transcriptionist and would trust my handy cyclopedia over you in the medical field. I graduated with honor's, dean's list, and president of the honor society, Phi Theta Kappa. So no we are not agreed. Just trying to explain stuff to you! Have a super day!

 

[Melissa_W]

I've always thought that it's a cruel trick of nature that the universal donors can give to anyone, but can only receive one blood type. I'm o positive, but I didn't realize that I was in the majority. The red cross is always calling me to remind me to donate, so I figured that my blood type must be more rare. But as it turns out they just want me because I can give to so many people. Interesting...

This thread has taken many turns! hehehe

 

[Saje]

I'm AB but I don't know if I'm positive or negative. I hope I'm not negative.

 

[Melissa_W]

Now, I'm no grammar expert, (though I did date a linguistics major once... what a bore he was! lol) however I believe that Manchesters was correct in using the first of the words on your list. She was using it as a verb.

 

[Adrienne]

Yep, I am o- with Rh- factor so everyone is out for my blood since the Rh- factor can only recieve Rh- blood. Lucky me, I donate every 45 days, and I hate to donate but can't avoid it since I have such a rare blood type. Just hope if I ever need blood that someone is kind enough to donate for me. If I ever need surgery I plan to bank my own blood just in case. I was lucky that both my children turned out Rh+ although I did receive the gammaglobulin just in case with my second pregnancy.

 

[showpug]

I took a class in colleg in which we were all assigned a "community service" project. I gave blood. The professor told me that that wasn't community service! Are you kidding me? Saving a life is not community service What a moron. I told him that he could give me an "F" before he could chang my mind on that one

 

[Manchesters]

Yep....

Geez, this thread sure took a turn...

We are a blood thirsty lot, rofl.

I still am pretty sure that us AB- folks can only be given O- one time before we become allergic to it.

I just talked to my nurse friend Liz, and she said you can only be given O one time (unless of course you ARE O). The second time it will either kill you or give you a horrid reaction. Guess that would depend on the amount transfused?

 

[Adrienne]

People with type O blood are known as universal donors because their blood contains neither A nor B antigens. The anti-A and anti-B antibodies in O blood do not have an effect in the recipient because the antibodies are diluted in the recipient's bloodstream. Those with type AB blood are known as universal recipients because their blood contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies, so that neither the A nor the B grouop antigens will cause hemolysis in their blood. You can recieve type O blood as many times as you need it without hemolysis occuring.
B/T/W it is not an anaphlayctic reaction, it is hemolysis.

 

[Manchesters]

Congrats!!! On Your Graduation!

Sorry but my reply came straight out of Taber's Cyclopedic Medical dictionary, I just graduated as a medical transcriptionist and would trust my handy cyclopedia over you in the medical field. I graduated with honor's, dean's list, and president of the honor society, Phi Theta Kappa. So no we are not agreed. Just trying to explain stuff to you! Have a super day!

But I was talking grammar. Gee, I need to get a new Taber's some day. Luckily Gray's Anatomy doesn't much change over the years, lol.

Taber won't help you with my question......the correct wording is to use exsanguination..... you must use a noun in the original sentence. Not a verb. All three words mean the same thing. My medical experience goes way back.....actual hands on, not just as a typist! But that is another story that has no bearing here. Again tho, congratulations on your great work!

 

[Adrienne]

They do not mean the same thing.

 

[BigDog2191]

I'm AB+, I believe.

 

[Manchesters]

Sure They Do!

They do not mean the same thing.

They are simply three forms of the same word. Just as

Table=verb=to put something aside

Table=noun=something we eat at

Table=adjective=it is a tabled report ...been set aside

All right, don't say it, rofl. Horrid example.

It has nothing to do with meaning.......it is using the correct form of the same word. As I stated, you would not say "to the point of exsanguinate" because exsanguinate is a VERB. The sentence requires the use of a NOUN exsanguination. Did I mention my three years of Latin. Talk about suffering. I am proof that humans return to unpleasant situations, lol. But at least I ended up getting a Regent's Diploma because of it. Teacher was heart broken that I did not want to take Latin 4. She couldn't get the minimum to hold the class. I wonder why, roflmbo.

Now......if you disagree, what word would YOU use to finish that sentence? To the point of ..................

 

[Doberluv]

Thanks for your explanation Adrienne. I have Taber's too! I was a physician's assistant some years ago and my schooling for that included lots of anatomy, physiology, and biology, medical terminology and diagnostic and clinical application, surgery assistance etc. But I've forgotten some of it. LOL.

 

[Melissa_W]

Debra is 50 now. They most likely have technology where they can test in the field. The type of emergency I was thinking of was where the patient is in danger of exsanguinating (sp).

I think it could be used as a verb or noun in that context.

This may help. Lets replace the word with the definitions.

The type of emergency I was thinking of was where the patient is in danger of bleeding to death. (conjugated verb=bleeding) Replace with "exsanguinating" and it works.

The type of emergency I was thinking of was where the patient is in danger of massive bleeding. (This is the case where exsanguination acts as a noun.)

The words essentially do mean the same thing. The different definitions are just based of what part of speech the word is.

At least, I think this is correct. But feel free to correct me if you feel I am wrong.

 

[Doberluv]

the patient is in danger of exsanguinating

I believe that's a verb. The patient is in danger of doing what? exsanguinating. In danger of doing something....being deprived of blood. The ing makes it an action, doesn't it?

The patient is in danger of exsanguination. That's a noun... a thing.