The amount of food is going to depend on the kind of food it is. Mine get the Innova EVO, and the amount is significantly less than typical dog foods (+/- 4 cups for a 140 pound pup). When they're young we also give them calf milk replacer that we get at the farm co-op, but our dogs are very large, big boned creatures; a small or medium dog doesn't necessarily need all that.
There are two things to look for first in a quality dog food: that it's organic - which is different than 'all natural.' Organic means there are no chemicals, hormones, drugs or other additives involved in the production of the
ingredients in the food. "All natural" only means that these things haven't been added in production; they are likely present in the raw ingredients. The second important thing to look for is that the feed is produced from
human grade ingredients - not just from ingredients from a
human grade facility. The latter means that the ingredients can be any sort of leftovers and trash from a human grade processing plant. What you want is to be sure the ingredients are of the same quality that you would use yourself.
The typical vet has surprisingly little knowledge of animal nutrition, so you really can't depend on your vet for this kind of information.
If you are doing your own vaccinating, you need to read the instructions with the serum. They will tell you when you need to follow up and how much you need to use. I will warn you, though, that these are not as effective as the ones veterinarians use. I wouldn't trust my dogs' health to them.
There are several good threads here about nutrition and different feeds, and for some excellent guidance, I'd suggest you go to
www.greatdanelady.com. Linda Arndt knows more about dog nutrition than . . . well, she's just the best!
