A Rottweiler is not an outside dog at all. They CRAVE to be near their owner most of the time. They'd be miserable delegated to the outdoors when you're indoors. Dogs, in general, through domestication, are not designed to be away from their humans for long spells of time and definitely will do better by being part of the family. They are social animals to the extreme. Part of the family, meaning inside when you're inside, outside when you're outside....at least for the most part.
I can't think of a single breed that fits your criteria. I too, would recommend giving some serious thought to having your dog come in in the evening when you're through with your work in the shop, lying in front of the fireplace, coming to sit or lie next to you, resting his chin on your lap, looking up into your eyes and making that wonderful bond that comes from exceptional closeness. Of course, we all have to leave our dogs for a number of hours sometimes, but the more of your life you share with your dog, the happier you'll both be. If you don't want your dog in your bed, I have no objections. LOL. J/K. But a dog bed on the floor in your room is sharing 8 hours with you. You both get to hear each other snore and it's just a warm feeling to have your pal with you.
I agree that if a dog can't be trained to stay in his property, (very difficult) or supervised heavily, then a fence should be put up. No dog should wander off and bother neighbors.
The choices of type of dog widens significantly when you consider keeping him with you most of the time. A dog that won't mind a little chill and wetness. (I too am from W. Washington) A breed that tends to stick around, although as it was mentioned, it also depends on individual. The trouble with those breeds that stick close is that they also tend to be some of the working or companion breeds. My Doberman stuck like super glue to me. That's his job. But he would have been miserable on his own too much or left outdoors. He was definitely not an outside dog. And neither is a Rottie. Or most breeds.
The nordic breeds can take the cold and aren't as dependent, I don't think. However, they will tend to wander and I mean wander. (I know it doesn't get too cold in W. Wash, but it's cold and blustery enough for most breeds to stay outside at night in winter/fall) LOL.
So, do some more thinking. It is commendable that you are researching this thoroughly before making a decision. Good luck.