Not wanting to go somewhere and balking
is undertrained. It
is simple. I'm sure there are plenty of things my dogs may not want to do but if I can manage to motivate them so they
do want to do them, and they do them reliably on account of my creating a history of ample reinforcement, then I can say they're adequately trained.
I've trained lots of dogs and they had their fair share of things they didn't want to do. Eventually, I made it so they learned that it was worth it to do those things. I set them up so their only choice would be "my way." They are, after all opportunists and they do what works to please themselves. So being opportunistic scavengers, we have the perfect opportunity to manipulate their environment so that they will learn and work for what they want.
I use to train my earlier dogs and some neighbors' dogs (with them) using these traditional techniques but since I've had an education in behavior and learned how dogs learn, how we tend to anthropomorphize them, I have learned that they don't "disobey" because they're being stubborn or because they are flipping us off. (the way people would do when they don't want to do something) Dogs are not that complex. They are simply easily distracted by competing motivators and they go for whatever works best for them, not because they're being "bad, naughty, stubborn" but because they're who they are....dogs, animals.
We are soooooo bonded to our domestic dogs, such a close relationship, nothing else like it. Most people know this relationship we have with them is phenomenal. They just don't realize
HOW phenomenal. But while we coexist with these animals so very closely, we forget sometimes that they are not thinking like we do. We almost think they're smarter than they are. We want them to mirror us, reflect back on ourselves.
So, one has to leave out the part about stubborn, just not wanting to do something and being defiant. Dogs learn by reinforcement as do all living organisms with a brain stem. Cues do not drive behavior as many people think. The dog learns what certain cues mean and knows what to do. But that is not what drives behavior. Reinforcement drives behavior. That's a law of scientific learning behavior. If you get caught up too much like many do, with relying on commands to drive behavior, this is what you get.....balking for instance.
Or....he just doesn't want to go somewhere and has trained his owner to stop
Yes, we learn the same way they do and we can be trained by them....definitely. LOL. But here, I think the dog stopped for some reason....and the owner reinforced it somehow and that perpetuated.